Unit+6

=﻿Unit 6 Work:=

World War I (The Great War):
World War I started in 1914. The United States declared war on April 6, 1917. Overall, the United States believed in neutrality, until they got in the action.

1.Declaration of Neutrality (1914):
President Woodraw Wilson declared neutrality in the war. Many people sympathized for different sized. Immigrants usually sympathized for Germany, but Wilson like others was an English supporter. He wanted the United States to stay neutral until Germany started using submarine warfare, and started attacking enemy vessels, which some of them carried American Passengers. Tensions started to grow.

2. Declaration of War on Germany (1917):
War Diplomacy started. Germany started making tactics that were gambles to help make them win the war. They decided to attack American and Allied ships thus simking them before the US could declare war. They also sent the Zimmerman Telegram that was to try to convince Mexico to fight with Germany against the US. The United states declared war on April 6, 1917.

The **//Lusitania//** was a British cruise ship was destroyed by German war vessels. They killed about a 100 civilians on that ship which sparked turmoil and stress between the US and Germany. It kind of was a spark for war.

4. Technology in the War:
Unresticted Submarine warfare. It was a new type of Guerilla tactic, the Germans tried to use it and it were somewhat successful. The Zimmerman Telegram, photography, and films made about the trench warfare etc.

5. Economy for the War (Economic ties to Britain):
Financing for the war was a relatively big issue. The United States spent 32 Billion Dollars on expenses during the war. The US never spent more than one billion before that. The United States had to raise up the money. Liberty bonds were created to raise moneey. The War Industries Board was created to buy and sell weaponry. The Council of Defense was also created. They had to create weapons, war technology, etc.

Postwar Issues in America: A Society in Turmoil:

 * Rigth after the war, the US had an economic boom, until a year or so later when the problems began
 * The United States recieved a postwar recession that ruined many lives
 * people lost jobs
 * the war brought about an era of repression and reaction
 * reforms were ended because governments didn't have the wealth to support these organizations.
 * African Americans played a huge role in this era because of the part they had in the war
 * economic recession
 * race riots
 * racial riots: especially in Chicago
 * racial tension
 * labor issues
 * labor strikes: demanding changes to their work and wages
 * as soon as the war ended though
 * the red scare: anti-communism, anti-radicalism; leading us into the 1920s
 * the United States was very powerful in the world
 * Warren G. Harding becomes president and campaigns for "Normalcy"

[[image:http://img2.imagesbn.com/images/17340000/17348749.JPG align="right"]]﻿"The New Era":

 * The "Roaring Twenties" was the idea of cultural frivolity with lots of parties, lots of celebration, and so on and so forth.
 * dancing, music, parties, and clubs
 * Women were getting their own identity
 * they started smoking
 * wearing shorter skirts
 * shorter hair
 * developing their own identities
 * it was a decade of __**CHANGE**__
 * There was a battle in the 1920s over the idea of conservatism vs. liberatism

The Cinema (pg. 649):[[image:http://www.pollsb.com/photos/o/45532-truth_fiction_famous_hollywood_sign_originally_read_hollywoodland.jpg width="480" height="312" align="right"]]

 * The U.S. was the first country to form a film industry
 * The Films made in the U.S. were seen all over the world
 * Some films disgraced other countries beliefs and for that were banned in those countries
 * The cinemas all around the U.S. were strengthing the supremacy U.S. held over the world
 * U.S. films were bringing new values into other countries
 * The U.S. still dominates the global cinema
 * However they do it in differnet ways with non-american directors and actors
 * its often paid for with international finacing

The Dance Halls (pg.652):

 * challenge of traditional popular culture: looked for freedom from tradition, and release into a new era
 * a dance craze in 1920s-1930s[[image:http://www.examiner.com/images/blog/wysiwyg/image/Savoy_Ballroom(1).jpg align="right"]]
 * African Amerricas --> new forms of jazz
 * more public interactions of men and women
 * people started to go out at night without the use of alcohol, and to show off new styles, clothes, and dance
 * it was an exciting place like the new movie theater; a place for youth to get out of everyday work, and family
 * they were supposed to be reckless and immoral especially for women
 * some "taxi-dance" ballrooms had prostitution, bootleg liquor and drugs mkaing government enforce laws against it
 * government had restrictions on it: and some dance halls had dress codes
 * accepted by youth culture
 * it wasn't that expensive
 * it was a place for immigrants to become "American"
 * parents against it because children socialize with strangers in these outings

= Decline of the Self-Made Man:﻿ = ===﻿Main Idea: The Myth of the Self-Made Man was basically improbable because just becoming successful through hard-work and talent was impossible without higher education, and training. (Social Immobility; you need education, training, talent, hard work, and luck)===
 * It was all about opportunity
 * with more emphasis on education, people started to become more educated, and the "playing field was becoming fair"
 * therefore more poeple had chances to be successful than before, decreasing opportunity
 * Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Charles Lindbegh were successful without formal educatiuon (that made them the product of the old era that began the new one.

The top 5 trends in the "Roaring Twenties"

 * 1) **New Women:** The women of the "new era" changed dramatically. They moved out of domestic and focused on individuality.
 * 2) **Growth of Consumerism:** It was a time of economic prosperity and economic affluence. People were buying more, and others were making more money. The flow of wealth was growing all
 * 3) **Nativism:** Nativism was still a really strong source even in the 1920s. The New Klan was established for traditional beleief
 * 4) **Growth in Education:** Education became a bigger deal. The myth of the Self-Made Man couldn't work without some sort of education.
 * 5) **The Lost Generation:**
 * 6) **Religious Fundamentalism:** It was a battle between the Fundaamentals and the religous officials who believed in creation. The "Scopes Monkey Trial" was a trial for a man who purposefuly defied the law of not teaching evolution by teaching it. They went to a trial because of it saying that God set the stage for this sort of idea.

Chapter 25: The Great Depression:

 * Preview:**
 * **1929:** Stock Market Crashes
 * The Dust Bowl emerges. It is a 10 year drought in the farmlands of the South and Midwest
 * **1931:** The depression grows even bigger when it spreads to Europe (mostly affected by America's Depression)
 * stock market grows even lower in the United States
 * A hunger march for the less fortunate
 * A crisis in the banking industry begins.
 * **1933:** Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes president to fix the crisis.
 * **1935:** Communist Party reaches the height of its power.
 * communism and socialism get the height of its power because capitalism was individual, but they got help from communism
 * May 1928 to September 1929; the stock market increases by about 40 percent
 * by October 29, 1929 the stock market shockingly crashed and it was known as "Black Tuesday" almost all 16 million shares of stock was traded, and the stock market crashed
 * Stock Market:**
 * The Sock Market is bacially like a big market place where people buy and sell shares
 * the stock then facilitates these investments and shares of companies to reduce distribution costs and and set prices
 * the stock market rises and falls depending on the investments and how that investment performs
 * a stock loses money only when the stock is sold
 * only value is thrown around
 * companies go public and sell shares to grow and gain more money
 * companies lose money when they create products that just sit there and aren't bought (the Great Depression)
 * too much selling decreases the stock value while too much buying increases the stock value/shares
 * investing is really like gambling because no one really knows how the stock market will end up from day to day

What did President Hoover Do as President?[[image:http://munky.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/herbert_hoover.jpg align="right"]]

 * he created the Hoover Program
 * wanted to restore public confidence in the economy
 * believed that the fundamentals of this nation came from "production & distribution of commodities"
 * he set up a board of of business leaders and labor leaders to assume voluntary cooperation for recovery (it failed)
 * Agricultural Marketing Act in April 1929 which was a program that helped farmers maintain prices.
 * it was an attempt from the Farm Board to make loans to national marketing to establish corporations and to buy surpluses + raise prices
 * it was similar to subsidies-pay farmers to not grow certain products ( an attempt to decrease conpetition, increase prices)
 * The Hawley-Smoot Tariff was an agricultural tariff made to protect the United States farmers from international competition
 * it was a simple idea that was to raise prices on imports so that people could buy more American products
 * the bad thing about was that other nations create tariffs of their own making exports decline even more and the economy declining
 * Wanted to have less government spending
 * The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), a government agency whose purpose was to provide federal loans to troubled banks, railroads, and businesses
 * it was to bail out some companies
 * bigger companies such as monopoolies were helped
 * What Hoover did with the Bonus army ended his chances of ever being president ever again

Chapter 26: The New Deal:

 * Main Ideas:**
 * The New Deal did not end the Great Depression nor did it start it
 * FDR was elected 4 times, and died in office after 12 years
 * The Roosevelt Administration was one of the most successful administrations in the United States of America
 * His adminstration still recieved major criticisms in the United States from the Conservatives and the Radicals
 * one beleived there was too much Capitalism
 * the other believed there was too little
 * World War II is what really ended the Great Depression (buying and selling weaponry, etc.)


 * Video on Franklin D Roosevelt:**
 * FDR brought a "cotagious confidence" into office that no president like him ever had before. He was overly confident that almost everything can be fixed
 * passed a bank bill through Congress that let people have safe storage of their savings in bank (**Bank Holiday and the Emergency Banking Act)[[image:http://www.claremontmckenna.edu/hist/jpetropoulos/arrow/holocaust/Franklin_Roosevelt.jpg width="564" height="398" align="right"]]**
 * called Congress into a special session to work while in vacation b/c he knew that they can't be passive
 * sweeping reforms were passed b/c power lay with the Democratic Party
 * the 21st Amendment was passed to repeal the prohibition of alcohol
 * **Africultural Adjusttment Act:** was an act to help the farmers and their subsidies
 * it payed farmers to grow less
 * they were to take fields out of commission, and slaughter some livestock
 * it was to keep prices in the markets high
 * it helped the farm owners b/c the got compensation for growing less, but the farmer workers didn't get that money as the owners did. It was the opposite b/c farmer workers were being fired and lost jobs, and also money (they got robbed and cheated)
 * the New Deal did not concern itself with inequalities, and African Americans had even worse hardships (still way before the Civil Rights Movements)
 * the government became the nations largest employer (this meant imploying hundreds of thousands of people)
 * the **National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)**: it was to have a planned economy (a kind of communism)
 * the economy now recognized the power of Unions and their bargaining rights
 * Francis Perkins = the first Women to ever serve in a President's Cabinet
 * propaganda = a big part of the New Deal b/c it wanted to make people believe that the United States was moving in the right direction
 * the radio was a big part of one of Roosevelts "conversatiosn" with the People through the radio (happened on Sunday and every single person would listen to it, and was an important part of his life)

New Deal Powerpoint:
media type="custom" key="8616000"

Legacies of the New Deal:

 * The Electoral Alignment: In around 1936, the electoral majority stayed with the power of the Democrats. FDR and his adminstration including the Democratic Party became the Conservative party. They gained a new coalition of voters including votes from African Americans.
 * **New Deal Programs that lasted past its era:**
 * Social Security Act: Gave retired people pensions
 * (FDIC) Federal Deposit Insurance: If bank makes bad decisions, then people could get their money back. It gives people confidence to get their money back.
 * (TVA): Tennesse Valley Authority
 * (SEC) Security Exchange Commission: It would regulate the stock market and insure security
 * Federal Housing Authority: Help people with finding homes, and helping the needy with payments.
 * WPA: Convinced people to work in the arts, do wrriting, etc.
 * **Defecit Spending (Spending Money you don't have; taking borrowed money)**: Keynesian Economics - You can utilize government defecits and use their money as long as the outcome is positive and would in turn help the e
 * The New Deal at best hoped to make things not worse than they already were. They did had minor improvements, but never really tackled a full recovery. (That was WWII).
 * **African Americans:** Apart from the "black cabinet" (the few black people accepted into Roosevelts Cabinet) African Americans were mostly segregated, and in some places like the South segregation, and racism was somewhat enforced.
 * **Women in the New Deal:** Women weren't really harmed or hurt during the New Deal. There were some advancements for individuals, but overall the New Deal ignored Women mostly. (Women also had limited aims of how their rights should be expanded).
 * **Native Americans "The Indian Problem:"** Native Americans were the most poor in all of the US. They were one of the groups witht the least rights. They were referred to as problem until John Collier believed in helping their cause. He set the Indian Reorganization Act giving them the power to own land, and make bigger their tribe. They also had the power to practice their traditional religion.
 * **Broker State:** The economy was being somewhat "controlled" by the Federal Governement. The Federal government started use its power to help some groups, and also limit the powers of others. (A minor communist phase.)

=WORK:=